This study is designed to research the impact of GIS teaching upon the spatial cognition of the fourth-grade students in the elementary schools. This study adopts the way of teaching experiments to target the fourth grade students in an elementary school located in Tayuan Hsien of Taoyuan County. I select two classes in a way of random choice to participate in GIS teaching as well as the traditional map teaching, and then I make a comparison between these two teaching methods in terms of spatial cognition.