The objective of this study is to understand the relationship between nutritional status, living function and cognitive function of elderly person. The effective factors on the nutritional status and the malnutrition prevention was also studied. For the 200 elderly residences who can move independent of any instruments living in the Dashu Township, Kaohsiung County, with the age over 65 as the research target, the blood examination and query investigation including the characteristic of demography, food and drink behavior table, Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were conducted.